Pracetam

Fever mechanism of defense

Against an attack of viral or bacterial origin the immune system is activated and secretion of cytokines leads to the activation of cyclo-oxygenases (COX). These act on the temperature regulating mechanism of the hypothalamus centre and cause fever.

1 Administered by oral route, paracetamol leads to a preferential central inhibition of the COX enzyme. 2 This feature explains the anti-pyretic properties and powerful analgesic effects of paracetamol. In addition, it ensures the absence of gastro-intestinal toxicity and effects on blood coagulation 3.

ECONOMIC AND WELFARE CONSEQUENCES
In growing pigs (fever or pain caused by castration, teeth clipping, tail docking, etc.) Degradation of growth performance Decrease of feed intake Reduced efficacy of anti-infective treatments administered by oral route	In sows (fever or post-partum pain) Degeneration of state of health Abortions

ECONOMIC AND WELFARE CONSEQUENCES

In growing pigs (fever or pain caused by castration, teeth clipping, tail docking, etc.)

Degradation of growth performance

Decrease of feed intake

Reduced efficacy of anti-infective treatments administered by oral route

In sows (fever or post-partum pain)

Degeneration of state of health

Abortions

Pracetam® has a powerful analgesic effect reducing the stress caused by pain in animals and improving their welfare.

Efficiency

Paracetamol, the active component of Pracetam®, is one of the safest and most reliable remedies used worldwide for the past 40 years in human medicine. CEVA offers you Pracetam®, a paracetamol solution developed for animal health. Pracetam® is an effective solution for treatment of fever during flu syndromes or acute respiratory disorders, together with other applications that we’ll explore further on.

	Clinical score Day 1	Clinical score Day 5	% amelioration
Placebo	2.28	1.08	52.6%
Pracetam®	2.32	0.61	73.7%

Clinical score Day 1

Clinical score Day 5

%

amelioration

Placebo

2.28

1.08

52.6%

Pracetam®

2.32

0.61

73.7%

Pracetam® provides, by the end of
treatment, a significant improvement
in a clinical score (p < 0.05).

Pracetam® follows an increasing European trend for responsible use of antibiotics. A comparison study shows that Pracetam® helps treat fever and symptoms caused by viral infections (Influenza, PRRSv), thus allowing more rational use of antibiotics and reducing their consumption. It can be first line treatment against fever or mild pain linked to castration, teeth clipping or for stress management during weaning period.

Absorption

Parameters	Administration of drinkable Pracetam® 20% Oral Solution*
T 1/2 absorption	1 hr 30 min
T 1/2 absorption	4 hrs 30 min
C max	6.99 μg/ml
T max	4 hrs
F (bioavailability)	89%

A pharmacokinetic study carried out with Pracetam® 20% Oral Solution has shown a very rapid absorption of paracetamol during its administration to pigs by the oral route in their drinking water. The possibility of obtaining nearly maximum concentration peak (Cmax) is an additional factor for increased efficacy.

Hepatic and renal tolerance

Pracetam® has a strong antipyretic activity and almost none of the undesirable effects of the NSAIDs. A tolerance study observed symptoms of intolerance such as vomiting, diarrhoea, weight gain, rectal temperature and blood indicators. Pracetam® showed excellent results for hepatic tolerance.

Gastric tolerance

At the tested doses, Pracetam® does
not modify the speed of evacuation
of a semi-solid meal in pigs.

A study conducted at Saint Gilles INRA station showed that Pracetam® has no effect on gastric emptying. The test results were convincing, as the evacuation of test meals occurred without a latency phase and no significant difference was noted concerning the half-emptying time.

Comparative / Summary table

		COMPARATIVE TABLE
PRACETAM®	ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID	SODIUM SALICYLATE	KETOPROFEN	MELOXICAM ORAL SUSPENSION
		CONTENT
10%, 20%, 40%	Variable 10% to 65%	Variable 80% to 100%	Variable 10% to 30%	15%
		WITHDRAWAL PERIOD (PIGS)
0 day	Variable 0 day to 7 days	0 day	Variable 0 day to 1 day	5 days
		DOSE
Unique	Very variable: High dose and very low dose	Unique	Unique. Short treatment: 1 day of treatment with possibility to renew if no adverse effect.	Short treatment: 1 day of treatment with possibility to renew if necessary.
		TOXICITY / RISKS (ULCERS)
No risk of ulcers.	Ulcerogenic. Do not use in case of risk of ulcers.	Ulcerogenic. Stop the treatment in case of dysfunction of stomach or intestines.	Very ulcerogenic. Do not use in case of risk of ulcers.	Do not use in case of risk of ulcers.
		BLOOD COAGULATION
No anti-coagulation effect.	Do not use in case of hemorrhagic risk.	Do not use in case of hemorrhagic risk. Reversible after 7 days.	Do not use in case of hemorrhagic risk.	Do not use in case of hemorrhagic risk.
		REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY
Safe for pregnant and lactating sows at 3 times the dose.	The use is not recommended during pregnancy and lactation. Hemorrhagic risk for sows during delivery.	The use is not recommended during pregnancy and lactation.	The use is not recommended during pregnancy. Hemorrhagic risk for sows during delivery.	Can be used during pregnancy and lactation.
		SOLUBILITY
Soluble (dosing pump set at 3% or 5% for the oral solution and 5% for the powder)	Not soluble	Soluble	Soluble	Suspension for individual treatment (not soluble). Administration in the feed or in the mouth (syringe).
		ASSOCIATION
Possible with antibiotics or NSAIDs if necessary.	Concurrent use with other NSAIDs or nephrotoxic drugs is not recommended. Do not associate with drugs which affect blood clotting.	Concurrent use with other NSAIDs or nephrotoxic drugs is not recommended. Do not associate with drugs which affect blood clotting.	Concurrent use with other NSAIDs or nephrotoxic drugs is not recommended. Do not associate with drugs which affect blood clotting.	Concurrent use with other NSAIDs or nephrotoxic drugs is not recommended. Do not associate with drugs which affect blood clotting.
		USES
pain Inflamation fever	pain Inflamation fever	pain Inflamation fever	pain Inflamation fever	pain Inflamation fever

		COMPARATIVE TABLE
PRACETAM®	ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID	SODIUM SALICYLATE	KETOPROFEN	MELOXICAM ORAL SUSPENSION
		CONTENT
10%, 20%, 40%	Variable 10% to 65%	Variable 80% to 100%	Variable 10% to 30%	15%
		WITHDRAWAL PERIOD (PIGS)
0 day	Variable 0 day to 7 days	0 day	Variable 0 day to 1 day	5 days
		DOSE
Unique	Very variable: High dose and very low dose	Unique	Unique. Short treatment: 1 day of treatment with possibility to renew if no adverse effect.	Short treatment: 1 day of treatment with possibility to renew if necessary.
		TOXICITY / RISKS (ULCERS)
No risk of ulcers.	Ulcerogenic. Do not use in case of risk of ulcers.	Ulcerogenic. Stop the treatment in case of dysfunction of stomach or intestines.	Very ulcerogenic. Do not use in case of risk of ulcers.	Do not use in case of risk of ulcers.
		BLOOD COAGULATION
No anti-coagulation effect.	Do not use in case of hemorrhagic risk.	Do not use in case of hemorrhagic risk. Reversible after 7 days.	Do not use in case of hemorrhagic risk.	Do not use in case of hemorrhagic risk.
		REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY
Safe for pregnant and lactating sows at 3 times the dose.	The use is not recommended during pregnancy and lactation. Hemorrhagic risk for sows during delivery.	The use is not recommended during pregnancy and lactation.	The use is not recommended during pregnancy. Hemorrhagic risk for sows during delivery.	Can be used during pregnancy and lactation.
		SOLUBILITY
Soluble (dosing pump set at 3% or 5% for the oral solution and 5% for the powder)	Not soluble	Soluble	Soluble	Suspension for individual treatment (not soluble). Administration in the feed or in the mouth (syringe).
		ASSOCIATION
Possible with antibiotics or NSAIDs if necessary.	Concurrent use with other NSAIDs or nephrotoxic drugs is not recommended. Do not associate with drugs which affect blood clotting.	Concurrent use with other NSAIDs or nephrotoxic drugs is not recommended. Do not associate with drugs which affect blood clotting.	Concurrent use with other NSAIDs or nephrotoxic drugs is not recommended. Do not associate with drugs which affect blood clotting.	Concurrent use with other NSAIDs or nephrotoxic drugs is not recommended. Do not associate with drugs which affect blood clotting.
		USES
pain Inflamation fever	pain Inflamation fever	pain Inflamation fever	pain Inflamation fever	pain Inflamation fever

		COMPARATIVE TABLE
PRACETAM®	ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID	SODIUM SALICYLATE	KETOPROFEN	MELOXICAM ORAL SUSPENSION
		CONTENT
10%, 20%, 40%	Variable 10% to 65%	Variable 80% to 100%	Variable 10% to 30%	15%
		WITHDRAWAL PERIOD (PIGS)
0 day	Variable 0 day to 7 days	0 day	Variable 0 day to 1 day	5 days
		DOSE
Unique	Very variable: High dose and very low dose	Unique	Unique. Short treatment: 1 day of treatment with possibility to renew if no adverse effect.	Short treatment: 1 day of treatment with possibility to renew if necessary.
		TOXICITY / RISKS (ULCERS)
No risk of ulcers.	Ulcerogenic. Do not use in case of risk of ulcers.	Ulcerogenic. Stop the treatment in case of dysfunction of stomach or intestines.	Very ulcerogenic. Do not use in case of risk of ulcers.	Do not use in case of risk of ulcers.
		BLOOD COAGULATION
No anti-coagulation effect.	Do not use in case of hemorrhagic risk.	Do not use in case of hemorrhagic risk. Reversible after 7 days.	Do not use in case of hemorrhagic risk.	Do not use in case of hemorrhagic risk.
		REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY
Safe for pregnant and lactating sows at 3 times the dose.	The use is not recommended during pregnancy and lactation. Hemorrhagic risk for sows during delivery.	The use is not recommended during pregnancy and lactation.	The use is not recommended during pregnancy. Hemorrhagic risk for sows during delivery.	Can be used during pregnancy and lactation.
		SOLUBILITY
Soluble (dosing pump set at 3% or 5% for the oral solution and 5% for the powder)	Not soluble	Soluble	Soluble	Suspension for individual treatment (not soluble). Administration in the feed or in the mouth (syringe).
		ASSOCIATION
Possible with antibiotics or NSAIDs if necessary.	Concurrent use with other NSAIDs or nephrotoxic drugs is not recommended. Do not associate with drugs which affect blood clotting.	Concurrent use with other NSAIDs or nephrotoxic drugs is not recommended. Do not associate with drugs which affect blood clotting.	Concurrent use with other NSAIDs or nephrotoxic drugs is not recommended. Do not associate with drugs which affect blood clotting.	Concurrent use with other NSAIDs or nephrotoxic drugs is not recommended. Do not associate with drugs which affect blood clotting.
		USES
pain Inflamation fever	pain Inflamation fever	pain Inflamation fever	pain Inflamation fever	pain Inflamation fever

Indications

Influenza-like syndrome
Respiratory disease
Non-specific fever
Pracetam® can be used from weaning to slaughter
Peripartum management

Post vaccinal reactions
Influenza-like syndrome
Respiratory disease
Pracetam® has been demonstrated safe in pregnant and lactating sows

Product Range

Pracetam® 40% Oral Solution

Pracetam® 40% Oral Solution for use in drinking water for pigs.
Available packaging: 0,5L, 1L, 2,5L and 5L bottles.
Recommended preparation at ambient temperature (20º-25ºC).At temperature over 25ºC do not reach concentration over 40ml/l.
Stability in solution guaranteed for 24 hours for optimal efficiency.
Ceva recommends using Pracetam® 40% Oral Solution in dosing pumps set between 3% and 5%. Do not set below 2%.

Fever mechanism of defense

Efficiency

Absorption

Hepatic and renal tolerance

Gastric tolerance

Comparative / Summary table

Indications

Pracetam® Dose Calculator

Dosing weaners & finishers

Dosing sows

Dosing lactatings

Product Range

Pracetam® 40% Oral Solution

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